Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant in mammalian cells and plays a central role in cellular defense, detoxification, and redox balance.
Glutathione is found in nearly every cell in the body, with particularly high concentrations in the liver, which serves as a major site of detoxification and metabolic processing. It exists in both reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms, and the ratio between these states is widely used as a marker of cellular oxidative stress.
Molecular formula: C10H17N3O6S
Molecular weight: 307.32 g/mol
Glutathione has been extensively studied for its role as a direct antioxidant and redox-regulating molecule. Research has examined its ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), helping maintain cellular stability under oxidative stress conditions.
As a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase enzymes, glutathione also participates in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. Additional research has explored its role in hepatoprotection, xenobiotic metabolism, mitochondrial function, and immune signaling.
Published research has identified age-related declines in glutathione availability across multiple tissue types. Reduced glutathione levels have been associated with increased oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial function, and impaired cellular repair capacity.
These findings have positioned glutathione as a foundational compound in aging, longevity, and oxidative stress research alongside other metabolic regulators such as NAD+.
Glutathione has one of the longest and most extensive research histories among antioxidant compounds. Published studies have explored its role in hepatoprotection, neurodegenerative disease models, respiratory function, immune modulation, metabolic health, and skin biology.
Its broad involvement in detoxification and cellular defense pathways continues to make glutathione one of the most widely studied molecules in biomedical and longevity research.
Glutathione should be stored at -20°C prior to reconstitution. Once prepared for research use, refrigerate at 2–8°C and protect from excessive heat, light, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles to maintain stability.
At White Label Research, Glutathione undergoes third-party HPLC and mass spectrometry testing to verify identity and purity. Certificates of analysis are available on the product page. Our standard threshold is ≥99% purity.
